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Air: Reconnaissance Missions

Convention on International Civil Aviation
Article 3(b) Aircraft used in military, customs and police services shall be deemed to be state aircraft.

Article 3(c) No state aircraft of a contracting State shall fly over the territory of another State or land thereon without authorization by special agreement or otherwise, and in accordance with the terms thereof.

ICAO and the Use of Force Against Civil Aerial Intruders
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Journal Articles
  1. The Vertical Limit of State Sovereignty, Dean N. Reinhardt, Master's Thesis, Institute of Air and Space Law, McGill University, June 2005 
  2. Aerial Intrusions by Civil and Military Aircraft in Time of Peace, Major John T. Phelps II, Military Law Review, Vol. 107, 255-303, 1995
  3. Legal Implications of the Uninhabited Combat Aerial Vehicle, Anthony J. Lazarski, Lieutenant Colonel, USAF, Air & Space Power Journal, 2001
  4. The Never Ending Dispute: Legal Theories on the Spatial Demarcation Boundary Plane Between Airspace and Outer Space, Gbenga Oduntan, Hertfordshire Law Journal, 1(2), 64-84, 2003
  5. Shooting Down Civilian Aircraft: Is There an International Law?, Brian E. Foont, Journal of Air Law and Commerce, Vol. 72, No. 4, Fall 2007
  6. The Air Bridge Denial Program and the Shootdown of Civil Aircraft Under International Law, Major Darren C. Huskisson, USAF, The Air Force Law Review, Vol. 56, 109-166, 2005
  7. Shooting Down Civilian Aircraft: Illegal, Immoral, and Just Plane Stupid, Par Rory Stephen Brown, Revue québécoise de droit international, Vol. 20(1), 2007
  8. Legal and Privacy Implications of 'Spy in the Sky' Satellites, Ray Purdy, Mountbatten Journal of Legal Studies, Vol. 3(1) (1999)
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United States
  1. Case Studies of Actual and Alleged Overflights, 1930-1953 -Supplement 
  2. The CIA and the U-2 Program, 1954-1974 
  3. Military Reconnaissance Missions over the Soviet Union 
  4. A Dangerous Business: The U.S. Navy and National Reconnaissance During the Cold War 
  5. The U-2, OXCART, and the SR-71: U.S. Aerial Espionage in the Cold War and Beyond 
  6. JP 3-52, Joint Doctrine for Airspace Control in a Combat Zone, 30 August 2004 
  7. Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance Operations (Air Force Doctrine Document 2-9, 2007) 
  8. Violations of Temporary Flight Restrictions and Air Defense Identification Zones: An Analysis of Airspace Violations and Pilot Report Data (NASA) 
  9. Maybe You Had to Be There: The SIGINT on Thirteen Soviet Shootdowns of U.S. Reconnaissance Aircraft   
  10. Protecting Privacy from Aerial Surveillance: Recommendations for Government Use of Drone Aircraft  (American Civil Liberties Union, December 2011)